عوامل مؤثر بر رشد اقتصادی استان‌های ایران: نقش مخارج دولت، نابرابری درآمدی و پرداخت‌های اعطایی دولتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 استاد اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری دانشگاه سمنان

چکیده

این پژوهش عوامل مؤثر بر رشد اقتصادی را با تأکید بر نقش دولت‌های محلی و نابرابری درآمد در استان‌های ایران طی سال‌های 1385 تا 1400 مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد. در این راستا یک مدل اقتصادسنجی داده‌های پانل پویا برای بررسی اثر موجودی سرمایه استان، درآمدهای استان از محل مالیات و پرداخت‌های اعطایی بین‌دولتی، مخارج دولت و نابرابری درآمد بر رشد اقتصادی استان تصریح شد. نتایج حاصل از تخمین مدل برآوردی حاکی از آن است که درآمدهای استان از محل مالیات و گرانت اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر رشد اقتصادی استان‌ها دارد و نابرابری درآمدی در استان‌ها اثر منفی و معنی‌داری بر رشد اقتصادی می‌گذارد. سایر یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که وقفه تولید ناخالص داخلی و موجودی سرمایه اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر رشد اقتصادی استان‌ها دارد. پرداخت‌های اعطایی تخصیص یافته، منابع در دسترس مقامات محلی را برای اجرای فعالیت‌های مولد اقتصادی افزایش می‌دهد که در نتیجه آن تولید تحت تأثیر قرار می‌گیرد. یافته‌های پژوهش از نقطه نظر سیاست‌گذاری به چند دلیل دارای اهمیت است. اولاً: مخارج و درآمدهای استانی که انعکاسی از سیاست‌های مالی هستند بر رشد اقتصادی منطقه‌ای اثرگذارند که بر این اساس استقلال مالی استان‌ها و راهبردهای دولت‌های محلی در امور مالی در مجموع می‌تواند بر بهبود تخصیص منابع و رشد اقتصادی منطقه‌ای اثر مثبت داشته باشد. ثانیاً: نابرابری درآمدی که انعکاسی از عملکرد سیاست‌های توزیعی دولت است، رشد اقتصادی استان‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد که بدین ترتیب کاهش نابرابری‌ها در نواحی مختلف به تسریع رشد اقتصادی منطقه‌ای و در نتیجه رشد ملی کمک خواهد کرد. ثالثاً: وجود مکانیزمی جهت تخصیص بخشی از درآمد حاصل از منابع طبیعی به استان‌ها از کانال‌های اثرات درآمدی و تخصیصی بر عملکرد اقتصادی منطقه‌ای اثر مثبت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors affecting on Economic Growth of Iran's provinces: The Role of Government Expenditures, Income Inequality and Government Grants

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fozieh Jeyhoontabar 1
  • Majid Maddah 2
1 Assistant Professor in Economics, University of Shahid Bahonar of Kerman
2 Professor in Economics, Semnan University
چکیده [English]

This research examines the factors affecting economic growth with an emphasis on the role of local governments and income inequality in the provinces of Iran during the years 1385 to 1400. In this regard, a dynamic panel data econometric model was specified to investigate the effect of the province's capital stock, the province's revenues from taxes and intergovernmental grants, government expenditures, and income inequality on the province's economic growth. The results of the estimation model indicate that the province's income from taxes and grants has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the provinces, and the income inequality in the provinces has a negative and significant effect on the economic growth. Other findings show that the interruption of gross domestic product and capital stock has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the provinces. Allocated grants increase the resources available to local authorities for the implementation of productive economic activities which as a resulte local growth will be affected. The research results are important from the policy point of view for several reasons. Firstly, government expenditures and provincial taxes, which are a reflection of fiscal policies, affect regional economic growth, whereby fiscal independence of provinces and the strategies of local governments in fiscal affairs can have a positive effect on improving the allocation of resources and regional economic growth. Secondly, income inequality, which reflects the performance of the government's distribution policies, affects the economic growth of the provinces, thus, reducing the inequalities in different areas will help to accelerate the regional economic growth and, as a result, national growth. Thirdly, considering a mechanism to allocate a part of natural resource revenues to provinces through the channels of income and allocation effects has a positive effect on the local economic performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic Growth
  • Government Expenditures
  • Income Inequality
  • Tax
  • Intergovernmental Grants

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