نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the informal economy on the ecological footprint in Iran from 1990 to 2020. The Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) method is used to analyze dynamic relationships among variables. Estimation results show that the informal economy has a negative and significant effect on the ecological footprint, meaning that its recent decline has reduced environmental pressures. Trade openness, urbanization, industrialization, and economic growth have positive and significant effects on the ecological footprint. However, the squared term of economic growth shows a negative effect, supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Impulse response functions and variance decomposition confirm the long-term findings. In conclusion, controlling informal activities and implementing sustainable development policies can effectively help reduce environmental degradation in Iran.
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کلیدواژهها English
